Vol. 1, Issue 1, Part A (2019)

p-Coumaric acid (p-CA) is a natural phenolic compound widely distributed in plants, fruits, vegetables, and cereals. It is recognized for its broad spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. As a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative, p-CA plays an important role in protecting cells against oxidative stress and modulating various biochemical pathways. This review provides a detailed overview of its chemistry, biosynthesis, dietary sources, mechanisms of biological activity, therapeutic potentials, and recent advances in formulation and biomedical applications. The article also discusses limitations, bioavailability challenges, and future perspectives for developing p-CA-based nutraceutical and pharmaceutical formulations.